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Borsa Istanbul · Steel

Kardemir — Steel & Construction Cycle

Signycle Research6 min readBorsa Istanbul
📸Snapshot article — figures reflect data at publication. See live-signals.html for current values.

Kardemir is Turkey's oldest integrated steelworks — operating at Karabük since 1937, producing long steel products (rebar, wire rod, sections and rails) primarily for Turkish construction and infrastructure markets. As a domestic Turkish steel producer serving the construction sector, Kardemir's earnings combine global HRC steel cycle sensitivity with Turkish macroeconomic dynamics and the TRY depreciation amplification effect similar to other Turkish industrials.

Signycle Signal Thresholds
BUY signal: Global HRC steel falls below $450/t AND Turkish construction slows — entry signal
SELL signal: HRC rises above $800/t AND Turkish infrastructure spending accelerates — exit zone

Long Steel: The Turkish Construction Link

Kardemir produces rebar, wire rod and structural sections — long steel products used in reinforced concrete construction (buildings, bridges, dams) and rail infrastructure. Turkish construction activity — driven by government infrastructure investment, earthquake reconstruction (post-2023 earthquake relief) and urban housing demand — is the primary domestic volume driver. When the Turkish government accelerates public investment, Kardemir's domestic volumes and pricing improve.

Rail Steel: The Niche Advantage

Kardemir is Turkey's primary rail steel producer — supplying rail track for TCDD (Turkish State Railways) infrastructure expansion. Rail is a technically demanding product (requires precise hardness and straightness specifications) that creates barriers to entry versus commodity rebar. Turkey's rail infrastructure expansion programme (high-speed rail, urban metro systems) provides recurring rail steel demand independent of housing construction cycles.

TRY Depreciation: The Dual Effect

Like other Turkish industrials, Kardemir sells primarily in TRY (domestic market) but faces USD-linked input costs (coking coal, iron ore, scrap). TRY depreciation compresses real USD margins unless domestic steel prices adjust proportionally. However, Kardemir has historically been able to raise domestic prices to reflect import parity — protecting USD-equivalent margins during TRY depreciation cycles.

Post-Earthquake Reconstruction: The Structural Demand

The devastating February 2023 earthquakes in southeastern Turkey — affecting 11 provinces — created a massive multi-year steel demand from reconstruction of 300,000+ damaged or destroyed buildings. Government-led reconstruction programmes have generated significant rebar and wire rod demand that extends beyond the normal construction cycle. Kardemir is a direct beneficiary of this multi-year reconstruction demand.

Key Risks

Turkish macro instability — inflation, interest rate volatility — can sharply reduce construction activity and domestic steel demand. Global steel dumping from China depresses international steel prices that set the ceiling for Turkish domestic pricing. Kardemir's older blast furnace technology has higher carbon intensity than modern EAF (electric arc furnace) producers. Energy cost exposure from electricity and coking coal price cycles.

Cycle Performance Summary

ParameterValue
ExchangeBorsa Istanbul
TickerKRDMD.IS
Primary SignalGlobal HRC steel + Turkish construction
Buy ThresholdHRC < $450/t + construction slows
Sell ThresholdHRC > $800/t + infrastructure surges
ProductsRebar, wire rod, rail
Post-EarthquakeMulti-year reconstruction demand
Cycle Return (2020–2022)+160%

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